Friday, 14 August 2015

On the subject of Brakes

Ron's Tech Tips number 3.5 billion ...... 

Fun and Games with your Brakes!

A couple of other members have recently posted about brakes, so here are a few pointers about van brakes in general, and Merc brakes in particular.

Fiat and other owners, please chip in with your experiences and comments.

The Merc 310 and 410 (and earlier 309/409) chassis have discs on the front and drums on the rear.
I have had very little problem with fronts. In 15 years in a S700 I have had occasional front pads but otherwise the fronts have been fine.
But the rears are a different story. I have had to have the rears serviced and sometimes replaced, and have spent quite a lot of money over the years. 
The 4 series chassis have double back wheels, so the brakes on these have quite a lot more to do, but the designs are similar on all Mercs of this generation.
It is worth pointing out that on Merc Hymers (and I suppose all vans) the rear brakes are responsible for a much greater percentage of the total braking effort than in other vehicles, so it is important the rears are in good order.
There is also a component mounted on the rear chassis, just in front of the rear axle, with the rear hydraulic pipes going to it. This is called the load balancing sensor. It mechanically senses, via a lever and pivot mechanism, how low the back of the van is, and therefore how heavily laden it is. It increases and decreases the braking force at the back accordingly. It is a service item often ignored by regular garages and as a result becomes responsible for many braking problems. These include "snatching" - where the brake action is too sudden and "fade", where you don't get the braking action you expect! 
So when having brake work done on a Merc you should specify that the LBS is checked, and if you get a blank stare, act accordingly! I have always found that I get better service from truck and light commercial specialists, rather than car garages.
On my recently acquired second S700, my garage man said that the LBS was completely seized, and hadn't been touched for years - a new one was 2 weeks from Germany, but he was good enough to take it off, soak it, and coax it back to life to his satisfaction, so that saved me over £200.
After brake work at the garage, your handbrake should be tight and start working after the first click - this is a sure indication that the brakes have been attended to.
Winter storage is the enemy of all brakes, and Merc rears in particular. For those that may not know - brakes should be off for storage, whees chocked if necessary, linkages should be lubed, and care taken for the first few hours of driving after storage. There is usually a light covering of rust on the discs and drums, which is no problem as long as you take it easy until it wears off.
I have found out the hard way that you only usually find you have a brake problem at the worst possible time! We all tend to drive our vans sedately and carefully, and emergency stops are pretty rare.
Occasionally, usually in hot weather and abroad in the Alps or wherever, you might experience the dreaded "foot to the floor" brown trouser moment. This usually caused by the brake fluid getting hot - sometimes as a result of a fault, like a binding brake cylinder, or sometimes just caused by too much braking and everything just getting too hot - Alpine passes and multiple hairpins are just about the most stressful times for the brakes - and these are old vehicles, not racing cars. So if you are on a really big descent, change your braking technique. Apply the brakes well before the next hairpin, and as you descend compare each braking action with the last. Use engine braking as much as possible. By expecting the worst, you will be prepared if it actually happens. The handbrake will always work well in an emergency, so don't be afraid to grab for it. If it does happen, don't necessarily immediately head for the garage. Let the brakes cool, and keep a close eye on them for the next few days - it could have just been a "one off" under extreme conditions. It has happened to me twice, once in Morocco and once in the Alps - both times the van was fine and needed no work. But of course it's up to you, it could equally be the vans way of telling you that the fluid is twenty years old and it's time for a good service. Don't forget that all vans are designed and tested to cope with the worst roads in Europe, fully laden.
At least once a month, or whenever I think about it, I choose an appropriate moment to test the brakes. Make sure there is nobody behind you, that stuff in the van is well packed, and most important of all that you warn the wife and the dog! Then, as you approach a junction or roundabout on a nice dry, empty road, apply the brakes much harder than you would normally....don't stamp on them as if a child had just run out, but brake hard and progressively. And that's what you should get - hard and progressive. If you feel snatch - which is caused usually by the front brakes coming on before the rear, or vice versa, then you need attention. If it doesn't stop the way you would expect in an emergency, ditto.
The next test is to apply the handbrake only - from about 30 or 40 mph - you should get a strong braking action. If you don't, then get the rears checked.
Finally, on a straight road, with minimum camber, lightly apply the brakes and feel the steering wheel - you are looking for wandering left or right, which indicates uneven braking action at the front. A gently wander to the left is usually OK, due to the natural shape of the road.
Before the health and safety brigade go bonkers.....you are responsible for your own actions! There are plenty of deserted roads you can do this - industrial estates at the weekend for example, or if you are really paranoid....book a track day at a racing circuit. If you do please take a video and post it here!
Although I am a Merc owner, I reckon these comments should apply to all other makes. All makes have their idiot sync crassies ..... so other owners please post your brake comments.

  • Linda Grant CH tech team at its best smile emoticon
    4 hrs · Like · 1
  • Mark Burchell Another great piece of journalistic work there Ron & worth taking note of! As you say brakes are overlooked all to often.
    4 hrs · Like · 1
  • Nicholas Barrett Excellent again Ron. Thanks. To confirm with your post are you suggesting to apply the hand brake while traveling at 30/40 mph?
    4 hrs · Like · 1
  • Ron Bentham Yes indeed - although 30-40 is an arbitrary figure - and I am not suggesting handbrake turns with the back wheels locked! But you need to be going fast enough to prove that your back brakes have a good strong action, so I suggest that 10mph wouldn't really be an effective test. Cautious drivers should perhaps find a garage with a brake tester! The idea is to be able to compare how much the rears are contributing to the overall total.
    4 hrs · Edited · Like · 2
  • Ron Bentham I didn't mention ABS - if fitted. You can go years without hearing the ABS rumble, so it's fair to wonder if it still works! I used to make a point of testing it on a car park in snow in winter..... But I am assured by an engineer that the Bosch ABS system fitted to CH Mercs self tests every time you switch on and is famously reliable, so I don't bother anymore. Occasionally it gives me a nudge on a gravel car park!
    3 hrs · Like · 1
  • Stuart Hamilton Agreed, Any mountain descents treat with respect. Appropriate gear, minimal breaking. I've spent time in Balkans towing trucks and recovering late breakers from precarious positions. There is no rush in the mountains, sit back, trundle along, enjoy the view
    3 hrs · Like · 1
  • Steve Cooper Great Tech tip Ron well written and well presented the only thing i would add is i often get asked why does your brake fluid need changing ? Brake fluid is hydrscopic (it absorbes water out of the air) when your brakes get really hot IE when going down mountain passes in the height of summer like Ron says , The water can boil and you can get brake faid its very unlikely you will experience these conditions in the uk or northern europe but worth considering having your brake fluid changed every couple of years if you tour southern europe or Africa mid summer 
    Hope you dont mind me having some input Ron
    2 hrs · Like · 1
  • Ron Bentham Yes absolutely Steve....I meant to say in the article that many of us don't realise our brake fluid can be over 20 years old!
    2 hrs · Like · 1
  • Steve Cooper Can i ask a question can you down shift IE engine brake in a S class or a B class with a Automatic gearbox ?
    2 hrs · Like
  • Ian Sawkins Good post Ron ..we have a citroen based 534 and the rear are drums which at last weeks MOT were reported as adjusted up to much that MAY cause binding ( mot mans words not mine ) i hadnt felt any binding and thought they worked very well a held the van perfect..after having them loosened off by the chap who works on Henry the were then deemed as abit to loose but " were sufficient" ( mot mans words again...cant win sometimes lol ) but my point is i know our Henry is basically the baby in regards size against all his bigger cousins n brothers..his braking efficency is very good and will stop very effectively if required..up n down hills etc in Wales..Lake district and North Yorkshire hasnt caused us any hairy moments so far..( touching my wooden forelock now ). We do keep the handbrake off at all times when not in use after suffering with seized rear brakes on our old motorhome many years ago. We also change Henrys brake fluid every two years basically for peace of mind..afterall altho a baby of the family he is 3 tonnes and is full of our precious stuff breakable or otherwise .
    2 hrs · Like
  • Mark Burchell You can select 3 manual gears Steve Cooper, sometimes I override the auto going up hills & drop it down into manual it just means you can choose when to kick down manually...hope that made sense.
    2 hrs · Like
  • Ron Bentham Jon Avery is the man to answer that for sure, but as far as I am concerned the answer is yes - every autobox I have ever driven provided engine braking in either position 1 2 or 3 - basically those positions hold the box in that gear.
    2 hrs · Like
  • Gary Garage Johnstone Another good post Ron, Ive had the foot to the floor brown trouser moment in the past and it aint funny especially with a hymer, I've now changed my brake fluid completely and just recently serviced the rear brakes as they were not performing as well as to be expected since the IOM trip and the recent MOT, i've also bleed the old fluid out of the pipes and topped up the resevior accordingly, I can safely say with using dot5 synthetic, the brakes are now 100% efficient. A good piece advice.

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